ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Type-2 Fuzzy-based Multi-criteria Decision-making Method for Sustainable Development of Wind Power Plants in Iran
The current work proposed a novel fuzzy-based multi-criteria decision-making method to assess the development potential of wind power plants in a country. Type-2 fuzzy logic was utilized to investigate the simultaneous effects of several technical criteria such as wind conditions, ambient temperature, and dust activities in a site. Iran was chosen as the case study, considering the various environmental conditions and the lack of thorough investigations in the country. The proposed method could be easily extended to apply to any region. The related technical data for all the 559 Synoptic meteorological stations in the country were collected and used as the inputs for the proposed method. Applying two-step interviews with local experts and reviewing the literature, the leading indicators and their effectiveness were defined. After developing the fuzzy rules and sets, all the sites were scored and ranked using type-2 fuzzy logic in the proposed method. Based on the final standings, priority tables were provided and the top fifty sites for implementing offshore and onshore wind power plants were introduced. Moreover, primary analysis of the collected data indicated that the provinces with high energy consumption and high PM 2.5 levels are in critical environmental conditions. Thus, these provinces need strict attention and planning for sustainable energy supply using renewable energy systems. Based on the results, several recommendations and suggestions were also mentioned to organize investment resources for a more efficient and proper power plant development as well as future studies.
https://rera.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_2128_fc55190f2db38a3fc6b2b2d412b628c4.pdf
2021-07-01
147
155
10.22044/rera.2021.10909.1058
Potential Assessment
Type-2 Fuzzy
wind energy
Multi-Criteria Decision-Making
Technical
A.
Aryanfar
aminaryanfar77@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Gholami
aslan.gholami@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Pourgholi
m_pourgholi@sbu.ac.ir
3
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Zandi
m_zandi@sbu.ac.ir
4
Faculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Khosravi
abbas.khosravi@deakin.edu.au
5
Centre for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Deakin, Australia.
AUTHOR
[1] A. Gholami, A. A. Alemrajabi, and A. Saboonchi, "Experimental study of self-cleaning property of titanium dioxide and nanospray coatings in solar applications," Sol. Energy, Vol. 157, pp. 559–565, Nov. 2017.
1
[2] Y. Gholami, A. Gholami, M. Ameri, and M. Zandi, "Investigation of Applied Methods of Using Passive Energy In Iranian Traditional Urban Design, Case Study of Kashan," in 4th International Conference on Advances In Mechanical Engineering: ICAME 2018, 2018, pp. 3–12.
2
[3] A. Gholami, M. Ameri, M. Zandi, and R. Gavagsaz-Ghoachani, "Dust Accumulation on Photovoltaic Modules: A Review on the Effective Parameters," Sigma J. Eng. Nat. Sci., Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 45–57, 2021.
3
[4] E. Akrami, I. Khazaee, and A. Gholami, "Comprehensive analysis of a multi-generation energy system by using an energy-exergy methodology for hot water, cooling, power and hydrogen production," Appl. Therm. Eng., Vol. 129, pp. 995–1001, Oct. 2018.
4
[5] E. Akrami, A. Gholami, M. Ameri, and M. Zandi, "Integrated an innovative energy system assessment by assisting solar energy for day and night time power generation: Exergetic and Exergo-economic investigation," Energy Convers. Manag., Vol. 175, pp. 21–32, Nov. 2018.
5
[6] S. Eslami, A. Gholami, A. Bakhtiari, M. Zandi, and Y. Noorollahi, "Experimental investigation of a multi-generation energy system for a nearly zero-energy park: A solution toward sustainable future," Energy Convers. Manag., Vol. 200, No. May, p. 112107, Nov. 2019.
6
[7] S. Eslami, A. Gholami, H. Akhbari, M. Zandi, and Y. Noorollahi, "Solar-based multi-generation hybrid energy system; simulation and experimental study," Int. J. Ambient Energy, pp. 1–13, Jul. 2020.
7
[8] A. Gholami, S. Eslami, A. Tajik, M. Ameri, R. Gavagsaz Ghoachani, and M. Zandi, "A review of dust removal methods from the surface of photovoltaic panels," Mech. Eng. Sharif J., Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 117–127, Dec. 2019.
8
[9] A. Gholami, M. Ameri, M. Zandi, and R. Gavagsaz-Ghoachani, "Dust Accumulation on Photovoltaic Modules: A Review on the Effective Parameters," in 5th International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering: ICAME 2019, 2019, no. December, pp. 1–11.
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[17] A. Gholami, M. Ameri, M. Zandi, R.G. Ghoachani, S. Eslami, and S. Pierfederici, "Photovoltaic Potential Assessment and Dust Impacts on Photovoltaic Systems in Iran: Review Paper," IEEE J. Photovoltaics, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 824–837, May 2020.
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[18] A.Z. Dhunny, J.R.S. Doorga, Z. Allam, M.R. Lollchund, and R. Boojhawon, "Identification of optimal wind, solar, and hybrid wind-solar farming sites using fuzzy logic modelling," Energy, Vol. 188, p. 116056, Dec. 2019.
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[19] A. Aryanfar, A. Gholami, M. Pourgholi, S. Shahroozi, M. Zandi, and A. Khosravi, "Multi-criteria photovoltaic potential assessment using fuzzy logic in decision-making: A case study of Iran," Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, Vol. 42, no. April, p. 100877, Dec. 2020.
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[20] M. Pourgholi, "Maximum power point tracking in small wind turbine with permanent magnet generator using voltage sensor," in 2019 Iranian Conference on Renewable Energy and Distributed Generation (ICREDG), 2019, pp. 1–5.
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28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Wind Power Plant Potentials via MCDM Methods in Marmara Region of Turkey
Today, the use of renewable energy sources is increasing day by day. The essential advantages of wind energy are that it is clean, low cost, and unlimited. In this paper, the wind energy potential of provinces of the Marmara region in Turkey was evaluated by multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. In the study, TOPSIS and PROMETHEE methods were used for analysis criteria weights were determined by two different approaches. In the first approach, the criteria weights were taken equally. In the second approach, the criteria were weighted using the AHP method. When the methods were applied by taking the criteria weights equally, Balıkesir and Çanakkale were determined as wind priority provinces in potential, while Kocaeli and Sakarya took the last rank. After the criteria weights were determined via AHP when TOPSIS and PROMETHEE methods were applied, Balıkesir ranked first, and Kocaeli ranked last. Spearman's Correlation Coefficient determined the level and direction of the relationship between the rankings obtained from TOPSIS and the PROMETHEE method. When the methods were applied, the value of “0.636” indicated that the relationship between the rankings was “positive” and “moderate”. When the criteria were weighted with AHP and the methods were applied, the correlation coefficient was obtained as “0.909”. This value indicated a “positive” and “very high” level of relationship. It was determined that the ranking results obtained when the methods were applied after the criterion weights were calculated with AHP were more supportive of each other.
https://rera.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_2129_f263f2383ca212af6a1776fe8aacd208.pdf
2021-07-01
157
163
10.22044/rera.2021.10922.1057
AHP
TOPSIS
PROMETHEE
wind energy
Wind power plant
E.
Guler
ezgi.guler@bilecik.edu.tr
1
Industrial Engineering Department, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey.
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Yerel Kandemir
syerel@gmail.com
2
Industrial Engineering Department, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey.
AUTHOR
[1] Takan M.A. and Kandemir S.Y. (2020). Evaluation of geothermal energy in Turkey in terms of primary energy supply. European Journal of Science and Technology, Special issue, pp. 381-385.
1
[2] Kandemir S.Y. (2016). “Assessment of coal deposit using multivariate statistical analysis techniques. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, Vol. 38, No. 7, pp. 1002-1006.
2
[3] Guler E., Kandemir S.Y., and Acikkalp E. (2020). Evaluation of the efficiencies of the energy distribution companies in Turkey with DEA. Bilecik Seyh Edebali University Journal of Science, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 66-79.
3
[4] Degirmenci S., Bingol F., and Sofuoglu, S.C. (2018). MCDM analysis of wind energy in Turkey: decision making based on environmental impact. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 25, No. 20, pp. 19753-19766.
4
[5] Taner T. (2018). Economic analysis of a wind power plant: A case study for the Cappadocia region. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 1379-1389.
5
[6] Gokcek M., Bayulken A., and Bekdemir, S. (2007). Investigation of wind characteristics and wind energy potential in Kirklareli, Turkey. Renewable Energy, Vol. 32, No.10, pp. 1739-1752.
6
[7] Aras H. (2003). Wind energy status and its assessment in Turkey. Renewable Energy, Vol. 28, No. 14, pp. 2213-2220.
7
[8] Türkiye, Rüzgâr Enerjisinde Dünyanın En Büyük 10 Ülkesinden Biri, (2020), Available: https://temizenerji.org/2020/12/31/
8
[9] Elmahmoudi F et al. (2020). GIS based Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process for wind energy sites selection in Tarfaya Morocco. In 2020 IEEE International conference of Moroccan Geomatics (Morgeo) pp. 1-5. IEEE.
9
[10] Supciller A.A. and Toprak, F. (2020). Selection of wind turbines with multi-criteria decision-making techniques involving neutrosophic numbers: A case from Turkey. Energy, Vol. 207, 118237.
10
[11] Moradi S. et al. (2020). Multi-criteria decision support system for wind farm site selection and sensitivity analysis: Case study of Alborz Province, Iran. Energy Strategy Reviews, Vol. 29, pp. 1-17.
11
[12] Rehman A.U. et al. (2019). Multi-criteria decision-making approach for selecting wind energy power plant locations. Sustainability, Vol. 11, No. 21.
12
[13] Coban V., Guler E., Kilic T., and Kandemir S.Y. (2021). Precipitation forecasting in Marmara region of Turkey. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Vol 14, No. 2, pp. 1-10.
13
[14] Türkiye Rüzgar Enerjisi Potansiyeli Haritası, (2021), Available: https://www.enerjiatlasi.com/ruzgar-enerjisi-haritasi/turkiye
14
[15] Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, (2021), Available: http://www1.mgm.gov.tr/FILES/resmi-istatistikler/Turkiye-Ortalama-Ruzgar.pdf
15
[16] Chakraborty S. and Chatterjee P. (2017). A developed meta-model for selection of cotton fabrics using design of experiments and TOPSIS method. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India) Series E, Vol. 98, No. 2, pp. 79-90.
16
[17] Albadvi A., Chaharsooghi S.K., and Esfahanipour A. (2007). Decision-making in stock trading: An application of PROMETHEE. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 177, No. 2, pp. 673-683.
17
[18] Saaty T.L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process, McGraw-Hill, New York.
18
[19] Aktepe A. and Ersoz S. (2014). AHP-VIKOR ve MOORA yöntemlerinin depo yeri seçim probleminde uygulanması. Journal of Industrial Engineering, Vol. 25, No.1, pp. 2-15.
19
[20] Teker S.C. (2017). The implementation of analytic hierarchy process in pharmaceutical industry for selection process of 3rd party logistics service provider. Oneri Journal, Vol.12, No.48, pp. 107-124.
20
[21] Saaty T.L. and Tran L.T. (2007). On The Invalidity of Fuzzifying Numerical Judgments in the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, Vol. 46, No. 7-8, pp. 962- 975.
21
[22] Mukaka M. (2012). Statistics corner: A guide to appropriate use of correlation in medical research. Malawi Med. J., Vol 24, No. 3, pp. 69-71.
22
[23] Guler E., Kandemir S.Y., Acikkalp E., and Ahmadi M.H. (2021). Evaluation of sustainable energy performance for OECD countries. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 1-24.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Aero-Elastic Stability of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blades
Multi-Megawatt wind turbines have long, slender and heavy blades that can undergo extremely wind loadings. Aeroelastic stability of wind turbine blades is of great importance in both power production and load carrying capacity of structure. This paper investigates the aeroelastic stability of wind turbine blades modeled as thin walled composite box beam, utilizing unsteady incompressible aerodynamics. The structural model incorporates a number of non-classical effects such as transverse shear, warping inhibition, non-uniform torsional model and rotary inertia. The unsteady incompressible aerodynamics based on Wagner’s function is used to determine the aerodynamic loads. Governing differential equations of motion are obtained using Hamilton’s principle and solved using extended Galerkin’s method. The results obtained in this paper, related to clarification of the effects of angular velocity and wind speed on the aeroelastic instability boundaries of the thin-walled composite beams. The obtained results are expected to be useful toward obtaining better predictions of the aeroelastic behavior of composite rotating blades.
https://rera.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_2131_4bd4b84110d506232f848ef8b094068d.pdf
2021-07-01
165
168
10.22044/rera.2021.10927.1059
Wind Turbine Blade
Aeroelasticity
Unsteady Aerodynamic
Thin Walled Composite Beam
Pretwist Angle
Seyyed A.
Sina
a.sina@shahroodut.ac.ir
1
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Corke T.C. and Thomas F.O., Dynamic Stall in Pitching Airfoils: Aerodynamic Damping and Compressibility Effects, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 47, 2015, pp. 479-505.
1
[2] Bendiksen O., Kielb R.E., and Hall K.C., Turbomachinery aero-elasticity, Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering, 2010.
2
[3] Sicard J. and Sirohi J., Modeling of the large torsional deformation of an extremely flexible rotor in hover, AIAA journal, Vol. 52, 2014, pp.1604-15.
3
[4] Ondra V. and Titurus B., Theoretical and experimental modal analysis of a beam-tendon system. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 132, 2019, pp. 55-71.
4
[5] Chen J., Shen X., Zhu X., and Du Z., Study on composite bend-twist coupled wind turbine blade for passive load mitigation, Composite Structures, Vol. 213, 2019, pp. 173-89.
5
[6] Librescu L., Song O., Thin-walled Composite Beams: Theory and Application, Springer, 2006, pp. 355.
6
[7] Houbolt J.C. and Brooks G.W., Differential equations of motion for combined flapwise bending, chordwise bending, and torsion of twisted non-uniform rotating blades, NASA TR 1346, 1958.
7
[8] Sicard J. and Sirohi, J., Modeling of the large torsional deformation of an extremely flexible rotor in hover, AIAA journal, Vol. 52, 2014, pp. 1604-15.
8
[9] Hodges D.H., Non-linear composite beam theory, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006.
9
[10] Sapountzakis E.J. and Tsipiras, V.J., Shear deformable bars of doubly symmetrical cross-section under nonlinear non-uniform torsional vibrations—application to torsional post-buckling configurations and primary resonance excitations, Nonlinear Dynamics, Vol. 62, 2010, pp. 967-87.
10
[11] Sicard J.F. and Sirohi, J., An analytical investigation of the trapeze effect acting on a thin flexible ribbon, Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 81, 2014.
11
[12] Mohri F., Meftah S.A., and Damil N., A large torsion beam finite element model for tapered thin-walled open cross-section beams, Engineering Structures, Vol. 99, 2015, pp.132-148.
12
[13] Han S. and Bauchau O.A., On the non-linear extension-twist coupling of beams, European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids, Vol. 72, 2018, pp. 111-9.
13
[14]Nayfeh A.H. and Mook D.T., Non-linear oscillations, John Wiley and Sons; 2008.
14
[15] Sina S.A., Haddadpour H., and Navazi H.M., Non-linear free vibrations of thin-walled beams in torsion, Acta Mechanica, Vol. 223, 2012, pp: 2135-51.
15
[16] Sina S.A and Haddadpour H., Axial–torsional vibrations of rotating pre-twisted thin-walled composite beams, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 80, 2014, pp. 93-101.
16
[17] Sapountzakis E.J. and Tsipiras V.J., Non-linear non-uniform vibrations of bars by the boundary element method, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 329, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1853-1874.
17
[18] Haddadpour H., Kouchakzadeh M.A., and Shadmehry F., Aero-elastic Instability of Composite Aircraft Wings in an Incompressible Flow. Composite Structures. Vol. 38, 2008, pp. 93-99.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Spectral Analyses of an Optimized Ducted Wind Turbine Using Hot-wire Anemometry
The use of ducted wind turbines is developing and various scientists in their studies investigate the performance, economic analysis, and energy production by these types of turbines at a lower cost. In this paper, the ratio of wind speed increment related to free stream wind speed and turbulence rate in a pre-designed duct used for a horizontal three-blade wind turbine was evaluated using a hot-wire anemometer sensor and data analysis methods. The duct installed in the University of Tehran Aerospace Faculty wind tunnel and flow characterization was performed by using CTA apparatus to measure and evaluate the wind flow turbulence in the throat section of the duct, where the wind turbine was installed. Wind speed analysis was done at different speed of the wind tunnel test section and shown that in the throat section of the duct the wind speed increased with a constant slope and in more analysis, it was found the wind speed in the duct throat can be increased to 2.5 up to 3 times of free stream flow speed at a different wind speed of wind tunnel test section. From spectral analysis, it was found that only a few peaks are included in the extracted frequency that shown low turbulence inside the duct it can be concluded that the flow disturbances will not have a significant impact on the performance of the wind turbine placed inside the duct throat.
https://rera.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_2132_7b4a43b592365d28f2a99f97d4acd844.pdf
2021-07-01
169
173
10.22044/rera.2021.10938.1060
Ducted Wind Turbine
Optimization
Spectral analysis
Hot-Wire
J.
Taghinezhad
j.taghinezhad@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Biosystem Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Mahmoodi
esmail.mahmoodi@gmail.com
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Masdari
mehranmasdari@ut.ac.ir
3
Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
R.
Alimardani
r.mardani@ut.ac.ir
4
Department of Biosystem Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Allaei, D., Tarnowski, D., and Andreopoulos, Y. (2015). INVELOX with multiple wind turbine generator systems. Energy, 93, 1030–1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.09.076.
1
[2] Han, W., Yan, P., Han, W., and He, Y. (2015). Design of wind turbines with shroud and lobed ejectors for efficient utilization of low-grade wind energy. Energy, 89, 687–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.024.
2
[3] Chaudhari, C.D., Waghmare, S.A., and Kotwal, A. (2013). Numerical Analysis of Venturi Ducted Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for Efficient Power Generation Numerical Analysis of Venturi Ducted Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for Efficient Power Generation. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Applications, 1(5), 90–93.
3
[4] Taghinezhad, J., Alimardani, R., Mosazadeh, H., and Masdari, M. (2019). Ducted Wind Turbines A Review. International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science and Communication Engineering, 5(4), 19–25. http://www.ijfrcsce.org.
4
[5] Morel, T. (1975). Comprehensive Design of Axisymmetric Wind Tunnel Contractions. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 75-FE-17, 225–233.
5
[6] Tabrizian, A. (2013). An Experimental Study of the Effects of Sweep Wing on the Boundary Layer of 2D Wing [Sharif University of Technology]. http://repository.sharif.edu/resource/389977/-/&from=search&&query=swept-wing&field=subjectkeyword&count=20&execute=true.
6
[7] Bardal, L.M. and Sætran, L.R. (2017). Influence of turbulence intensity on wind turbine power curves. Energy Procedia, 137, 553–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.10.384.
7
[8] Unalmis, O.H. (2002). On the possible relationship between low frequency unsteadiness of shock-induced separated flow and Goertler vortices. Fluid Dynamics, June 1996. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2002.
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Electric Energy Generation and Installed Power Capacity in Turkey
Renewable energy is one of the sustainable energy sources, the use of which has increased considerably in recent years. Today, wind energy is an essential renewable energy source that does not have a depletion problem. In this study, electricity generation from wind energy and installed power capacity in Turkey were examined. First, the data set of electrical energy production (GWh) and installed power capacity (MW) between 2010 and 2019 was used. Then, electrical energy generation and installed power capacity were evaluated with trend analysis. Three different models were used in trend analysis, and the results obtained from these models were evaluated with MAPE, MAD, and MSD. Finally, the most suitable models for electric power generation and installed power capacity were determined by evaluating the results.
https://rera.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_2133_88d8c4f718c382f16344f6d3c85da1b8.pdf
2021-07-01
175
178
10.22044/rera.2021.10940.1061
Renewable energy
Electrical energy production
Installed power capacity
wind energy
Turkey
S.
Yerel Kandemir
syerel@gmail.com
1
Department of Industrial Engineering, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. Ozgur
Yayli
ozgur.yayli@uludag.edu.tr
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
AUTHOR
Emin
Acikkalp
eacikkalp@gmail.com
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
AUTHOR
[1] Kandemir, S.Y. (2016). Assessment of coal deposit using multivariate statistical analysis techniques. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, Vol. 38(7), pp. 1002-1006.
1
[2] Kulekci, Ö.C. (2009). Place of geothermal energy in the content of renewable energy sources and its importance for Turkey. Ankara University Cevrebilimleri Dergisi, Vol. 1(2), pp. 83-91.
2
[3] Takan, M.A. and Kandemir, S.Y. (2020). Evaluation of geothermal energy in turkey in terms of primary energy supply. European Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. Ejosat Special Issue, pp. 381-385.
3
[4] Mohsen, S., Pourfayaz, P., Shirmohamadi, F., Moosavi, R.S., and Khalilpoor, N. Potential, current status, and applications of renewable energy in the energy sector of Iran: A review. Renewable Energy Research and Application, in press.
4
[5] Rahimy, W., Laame, G.J., Acikkalp E., and Yerel Kandemir, S. Investigation of Afghanistan's biogas potential from animal waste, Renewable Energy Research and Application, in press.
5
[6] F. Martins, Felgueiras, C., and Smitková, M. (2018). Fossil fuel energy consumption in European countries. Energy Procedia, Vol. 153, pp. 107-111.
6
[7] Höök, M. and Tang, X. (2013). Depletion of fossil fuels and anthropogenic climate change—A review. Energy policy, Vol. 52, pp. 797-809.
7
[8] Guler, E., Yerel Kandemir, S., Acikkalp E., and Ahmad, M. H. (2021). Evaluation of sustainable energy performance for OECD countries. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, pp. 1-24. in press.
8
[9] Gubbala, C.S., Dodla, V.B.R., and Desamsetti, S. (2021). Assessment of wind energy potential over India using high-resolution global reanalysis data. Journal of Earth System Science, Vol. 130(2), pp. 1-19.
9
[10] Dabbaghiyan, A., Fazelpour, F., Abnavi, M.D., and Rosen, M.A. (2016). Evaluation of wind energy potential in province of Bushehr, Iran, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, Vol. 55, pp. 455-466.
10
[11] Elfarra, M.A. and Kaya M. (2021). Estimation of electricity cost of wind energy using monte carlo simulations based on nonparametric and parametric probability density functions. Alexandria Engineering Journal, Vol. 60(4), pp. 3631-3640.
11
[12] Ouammi, A., Dagdougui, H., Sacile, R., and Mimet, A. (2010). Monthly and seasonal assessment of wind energy characteristics at four monitored locations in Liguria Region (Italy). Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviw, Vol.14(7), pp. 1959–1968.
12
[13] Bagci, K., Arslan, T., and Celik, H.E. (2021). Inverted Kumarswamy distribution for modeling the wind speed data: Lake Van, Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 135, pp. 110110.
13
[14] Yaniktepe, B., Savrun M.M., and Koroglu, T. (2013). Current status of wind energy and wind energy policy in Turkey. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 7, pp. 103-110.
14
[15] Argin, M., Yerci, V., Erdogan, N., Kucuksari, S., and Cali, U. (2019). Exploring the offshore wind energy potential of turkey based on multi-criteria site selection. Energy Strategy Reviews, Vol. 23, pp. 33-46.
15
[16] Republic of Turkey Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, https://enerji.gov.tr/enerji-isleri-genel-mudurlugu-denge-tablolari, 10.4.2020.
16
[17] Gultekın, Y.S. and Kayacan, B. (2011). Düzce ili yuvarlak odun arzının yapısal ve öngörüsel bir analizi. Journal of Forestry Faculty of Kastamonu University, Vol 11(2), pp. 175-186.
17
[18] Bolzan, A.C., Machado, R.A.F., and Piaia, J. C.Z. (2008). Egg hatchability prediction by multiple linear regression and artificial neural networks. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, Vol. 10(2), pp. 97-102.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Iran’s Transition to Wind Energy
In this article, three topics of wind energy science, wind energy engineering and wind energy policy of Iran have been discussed. Deciding on wind energy in the country requires comprehensive information in these three areas. Due to the increase in the capacity of renewable energy in neighboring countries and global energy transition, as well as the high potential of Iran in the field of renewable energy, especially wind energy, its culture in the country and the transfer of concepts in simple language is necessary.
https://rera.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_2127_ac6bed5bacfc930b5a8c0cc2c4782b62.pdf
2021-07-01
179
183
10.22044/rera.2021.10900.1062
energy transition
Iran’ s renewable energy
Wind energy science
Wind energy engineering
Wind energy policy
Sh.
Nourifard
nouriafardshiva@gmail.com
1
Renewable energies department, Materials and energy research center, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] O. Shokri Kalehsar, “Iran’s Transition to Renewable Energy: Challenges and Opportunities,” in Middle East Policy, vol. 26, no. 2, pp.62-71, 2019.
1
[2] S. Nourifard, SM. Hasheminejad and M. Jamil, “Design and simulation of a conical rotor axial-radial flux permanent magnet generator of power 1.1 kW for micro wind turbines,” in Revista Innovaciencia, vol. 7, no.2, 2019.
2
[3] P.Veers, K. Dykes, E. Lantz, S. Barth, C.L. Bottasso, O. Carlson, R. Wiser, “Grand challenges in the science of wind energy”. Science, eaau2027, 2019.
3
[4] J. Xu, and T.Liu, Technological paradigm-based approaches towards challenges and policy shifts for sustainable wind energy development. Energy Policy, vol. 142, 111538, 2020.
4
[5] M. Shafiei Nikabadi, E. Ghafari Osmavandani, K. Dastjani Farahani, A. Hatami, ”Future Analysis to Define Guidelines for Wind Energy Production in Iran using Scenario Planning,” in Environmental Energy and Economic Research, vol. 5, no.1, pp. 1-22, 2021.
5
[6] J. Firestone, Wind energy: A human challenge. Science. vol. 366(6470). Pp. 1206.1–1206, 2019.
6
[7] FUTURE OF WIND Deployment, investment, technology, grid integration and socio-economic aspects.IRENA, 2019.
7
[8] W.Youzhou, Z. Qing-Ping and L.Xianghong, “Evolution of price policy for offshore wind energy” in China: Trilemma of capacity, price and subsidy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,vol. 136, 2021.
8
[9] S. Yüksel, and G.Ubay,"Determination of Optimal Financial Government Incentives in Wind Energy Investments", Dinçer, H. and Yüksel, S. (Ed.) Strategic Outlook in Business and Finance Innovation: Multidimensional Policies for Emerging Economies, Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 25-34, 2021.
9
[10] L. Moorefield, Advanced and Emerging Technologies for Wind Generation,2019.
10
[11] P. Alves Dias, S. Bobba, S. Carrara, B. Plazzotta, The role of rare erath elements in wind energy and electric mobility. European commission, 2020.
11
[12] S. Watson, A. Moro, V. Reis, C. Baniotopoulos, S. Barth, G. Bartoli, R.Wiser, Future emerging technologies in the wind power sector: A European perspective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019.
12
[13] B. Loganathan, H. Chowdhury, I. Mustary, M. Rana, and F. Alam, Design of a micro-wind turbine and its economic feasibility study for residential power generation in built-up areas. Energy Procedia, vol. 160,
13
pp. 812–819, 2019.
14
[14] P. Dvorak, and J. Yan. Available from: https://www.windpowerengineering.com/business-news-projects/vertical-axis-wind-turbinetechnology-continues-improve/, 2017.
15
[15] N. Khlaifat, A. Altaee, J. Zhou, and Y. Huang, A review of the key sensitive parameters on the aerodynamic performance of a horizontal wind turbine using Computational Fluid Dynamics modelling[J]. AIMS Energy. vol. 8(3). pp. 493-524, 2020.
16
[16] M. Aien, and O. Mahadavi, On the Way of Policy-Making to Reduce the Reliance of Fossil Fuels: Case Study of Iran, Sustainablity, 2020.
17
[17] Newyork wind energy guide for local decision makers, NYSERDA, 2020.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of Low-Frequency Noise of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines by a Hybrid Approach
Noise pollution is known as the biggest environmental problem of horizontal axis wind turbines. The main part of the noise is in the range of Low Frequency Noise (LFN) since wind turbines rotate slowly. Several studies show that the LFN could have adverse effects on human health. In this study, the LFN generated by NREL VI wind turbine in wind speeds of 13 m/s is calculated by using a hybrid approach. In this approach, noise sources are defined on a data surface (DS), and then the noise propagating form the DS is calculated. The results show that a DS obtained by scaling the blade span with a size factor of 5 is appropriate for surrounding all main sources in this problem. It means, in addition to sources located on blade surface, a significant part of steady sources generating LFN is far from blades. On the other hand, the results show that tip vortices have no significant effect on the LFN.
https://rera.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_2134_74f984482f9735ae7d6803bcad60e3b6.pdf
2021-07-01
185
189
10.22044/rera.2021.10956.1064
Noise pollution
human health
NREL VI
A. R.
Bozorgi
bozorgi@arakut.ac.ir
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Arak University of Technology, Daneshgah Street, Arak, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] REN21. (2021). Renewables 2020 Global Status Report. Paris, REN21 Secretariat.
1
[2] Shepherd, D., McBride, D., Welch, D., Dirks, K. N., and Hill, E. M. (2011). Evaluating the impact of wind turbine noise on health-related quality of life. Noise and Health, Vol. 13, No. 54, pp. 333.
2
[3] Nissenbaum, M.A., Aramini, J. J., and Hanning, C.D. (2012). Effects of industrial wind turbine noise on sleep and health. Noise and Health, Vol. 14, No 60, pp. 237.
3
[4] Bakker, R.H., Pedersen, E., van den Berg, G.P., Stewart, R.E., Lok, W., and Bouma, J. (2012). Impact of wind turbine sound on annoyance, self-reported sleep disturbance and psychological distress. Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 425, pp. 42-51.
4
[5] Van Renterghem, T., Bockstael, A., De Weirt, V., and Botteldooren, D. (2013). Annoyance, detection and recognition of wind turbine noise. Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 456, pp. 333-345.
5
[6] Inagaki, T., Li, Y., and Nishi, Y. (2015). Analysis of aerodynamic sound noise generated by a large-scaled wind turbine and its physiological evaluation. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 12, No. 6, pp.1933-1944.
6
[7] Swinbanks, M. (2015). Direct experience of low frequency noise and infrasound within a windfarm community. 6th International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise, Glasgow, USA.
7
[8] Luo, K., Zhang, S., Gao, Z., Wang, J., Zhang, L., Yuan, R., Fan, J., and Cen, K. (2015). Large-eddy simulation and wind-tunnel measurement of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of a horizontal-axis wind turbine. Renewable Energy, Vol. 77, pp. 351-362.
8
[9] Maizi, M., Mohamed, M.H., Dizene, R., and Mihoubi, M. C. (2018). Noise reduction of a horizontal wind turbine using different blade shapes. Renewable Energy, Vol. 117, pp. 242-256.
9
[10] Zhang, Sanxia, Kun Luo, Renyu Yuan, Qiang Wang, Jianwen Wang, Liru Zhang, and Jianren Fan. (2018). Influences of operating parameters on the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of a horizontal-axis wind turbine. Energy, Vol. 160, pp. 597-611.
10
[11] Williams, J.F. and Hawkings, D.L. (1969). Sound generation by turbulence and surfaces in arbitrary motion. Philosophical Transactions for the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, pp. 321-342.
11
[12] Bozorgi, A., Ghorbaniasl, G., and Nourbakhsh, S.A. (2019). The reduction in low-frequency noise of horizontal-axis wind turbines by adjusting blade cone angle. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 16, No. 6, pp. 2573-2586.
12
[13] Hand, M.M., Simms, D.A., Fingersh, L.J., Jager, D.W., Cotrell, J.R., Schreck, S., and Larwood, S.M. (2001). Unsteady aerodynamics experiment phase VI: wind tunnel test configurations and available data campaigns (No. NREL/TP-500-29955). National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO.(US).
13
[14] Wagner, S., Bareiss, R., and Guidati, G. (1996). Wind Turbine Noise. New York, Springer.
14
[15] Bozorgi, A. and Ghorbaniasl, G. (2020). Determination of significant sources generating low-frequency noise in horizontal axis wind turbines. Energy Equipment and Systems, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 253-262.
15
[16] Ghorbaniasl, G. and Lacor, C. (2012). A moving medium formulation for prediction of propeller noise at incidence. Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 331, No. 1, pp. 117-137.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of Wind Farms on Reduction of Power Plant CO2 Emissions: A Real Case Study in Iran
Electricity generation through renewable energy sources such as wind energy has been growing in recent years due to several reasons including free and infinite resources as well as their considerable impact on the reduction of fossil fuels consumptions as well as CO2 emissions. This paper aims to assess the impact of grid-connected large-scale wind farms in a region located in Iran, on the reduction of natural gas as well as gasoil fuel consumptions in heat-cycle power plants and their related CO2 emissions as a practical case study. The wind farms under study comprise about 51% of the total grid connected capacity of wind power generation in Iran by the end of March 2021. The total energy yielded by the studied wind farms are first extracted over a two-year period from April 2019 to March 2021 based on a detailed practical data and then, its impact is investigated on the reduction of natural gas and gasoil consumptions in a real heat-cycle power plant due to its practical fuel intake data. Finally, the reduction of CO2 emission is calculated as the result of reduction in the natural gas and gasoil consumptions of the considered heat-cycle power plant. The results of this practical case study well demonstrate the effective role of wind farms energy yields on the reduction of fossil fuels consumption in heat-cycle power plants and thus, the significant reduction of CO2 emission as one of the most crucial aspects of decarbonization and fossil fuel phase out plans.
https://rera.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_2136_f97e7e03dae70ab590ff8b5407738f43.pdf
2021-07-01
191
197
10.22044/rera.2021.10957.1063
wind farm
gas-cycle power plant
fossil fuel consumption
CO2 Emission
M.
Khatibi
khatibi@znu.ac.ir
1
Department of Power Grid Planning, Zanjan Regional Electric Company, Zanjan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Rabiee
rabiee@znu.ac.ir
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Gisela Mello, Marta Ferreira Dias, and Margarita Robaina, "Wind farms life cycle assessment review: CO2 emissions and climate change," Energy Reports, pp. Pages 214-219, 2020.
1
[2] "Satba. Iran Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Organization," [Online]. Available: http://www.satba.gov.ir.
2
[3] R. Saidur, N.A. Rahim, M.R. Islam, K.H. Solangi, "Environmental impact of wind energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15, pp. 2423-2430, 2011.
3
[4] J. Scott Greene and Mark Morrissey, "Estimated Pollution Reduction from Wind Farms in Oklahoma and Associated Economic and Human Health Benefits," Journal of Renewable Energy, 2013.
4
[5] Joseph Wheatley, "Quantifying CO2 savings from wind power," Energy Policy, Vol. 63, pp. 89-96, 2013.
5
[6] C. L. Anderson and J. B. Cardell, "The Impact of Wind Energy on Generator Dispatch Profiles and Carbon Dioxide Production," in 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Maui, HI, USA, 2012.
6
[7] Gisela Mello, Marta Ferreira Dias, Margarita Robaina, "Wind farms life cycle assessment review: CO2 emissions and climate change," Energy Reports, Vol. 6, pp. 214-219, 2020.
7
[8] Do Thi Hiep, Clemens Hoffmann, "A power development planning for Vietnam under the CO2 emission reduction targets," Energy Reports, Vol. 6, No. ISSN 2352-4847, pp. 19-24, 2020.
8
[9] Pejman Bahramian, Glenn P. Jenkins, and Frank Milne, "The displacement impacts of wind power electricity generation: Costly lessons from Ontario," Energy Policy, Vol. 152, No. ISSN 0301-4215, 2021.
9
[10] Alberto Boretti and Sarim Al Zubaidy, "Reducing CO2 emissions to a sustainable level in the Bahamas islands," Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, Vol. 3, No. ISSN 2666-0490, 2021.
10
[11] Simon P. Neill and M. Reza Hashemi, Fundamentals of Ocean Renewable Energy, Elsevier Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-12-810448-4, 2018.
11
[12] G.L. Johnson, "Wind Energy Systems," Manhattan, Electronic Edition, 2006, pp. 61-70.
12
[13] J.M. Pedraza, Conventional Energy in North America: Current and Future Sources for Electricity Generation, Elsevier Inc. ISBN: 978-0-12-814889-1, 2020.
13
[14] "Zanjan Regional Electric Co.," [Online]. Available: https://www.zrec.co.ir.
14
[15] Dan-Teodor Bălănescu and Vlad-Mario Homutescu, "Performance analysis of a gas turbine combined cycle power plant with waste heat recovery in Organic Rankine Cycle," Procedia Manufacturing, Vol. 32, ISSN 2351-9789, 2019.
15
[16] "U.S. Energy Information Administration," [Online]. Available: https://www.eia.gov/.
16
[17] "Tpph. Iran Thermal Power Plant Holding," [Online]. Available: https://www.tpph.ir/ Site Pages/ MainPage.aspx.
17
[18] "persian holding," [Online]. Available: www.persian-holding.ir.
18
[19] "Iotcco. Iranians Oil Testing and Consulting Co.," [Online]. Available: https:// www.iotcco.com.
19
[20] "Oil-price: The No.1 Oil Price Source," [Online]. Available: http://oil-price.net.
20
[21] "Ministry of Natural Resources Canada," Available: https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/home.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Energy Management of Reconfigurable Distribution System in Presence of Wind Turbines by Considering Several Kinds of Demands
Utilizing distributed generation (DG) units in power system has positive impacts such as: reduction active and reactive power loss, reduce load curtailment, increasing system reliability and reducing the need of installing the new power plant. Wind turbine (WT) is a type of DGs. Employing demand side management in a residential, industrial and commercial loads could highlight the role of consumers in managing the total power and increasing the efficiency of system. In this paper the impacts of utilizing WT in improving technical constraints of the reconfigurable distribution system has been evaluated. The Monte Carlo based power flow equation is implemented to the presented scheduling problem. Simulations are done on IEEE 33 bus reconfigurable distribution system
https://rera.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_2137_ac1acb808991fe1ebf30e2484f33adbf.pdf
2021-07-01
199
203
10.22044/rera.2021.10961.1065
Wind turbine
Monte Carlo
Demand Response
Microgrid
R.
Rostami
rana_rostami@yahoo.com
1
Electric and Computer Engineering Tabriz University, Jame Jam, Tabriz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Hosseinnia
hamed.hosseinnia@gmail.com
2
Electric and Computer Engineering Tabriz University, Jame Jam, Tabriz, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] Baboli, Payam Teimourzadeh et al. Two-stage Condition-based Maintenance Model of Wind Turbine: from Diagnosis to Prognosis. In 2020 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). IEEE. pp. 1-6.
1
[2] Hosseinnia, Hamed; TOUSI, Behrouz. Optimal operation of DG-based micro-grid (MG) by considering demand response program (DRP). Electric Power Systems Research, 2019, 167: 252-260.
2
[3] Hosseinnia, Hamed; Modarresi, Javad; Nazarpour, Daryoush. Optimal eco-emission scheduling of distribution network operator and distributed generator owner under employing demand response program. Energy, 2020, 191: 116553.
3
[4] Hosseinnia, Hamed; Nazarpour, Daryoush; Talavat, Vahid. Multi-objective optimization framework for optimal planning of the micro-grid (MG) under employing demand response program (DRP). Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 2019, 10.7: 2709-2730.
4
[5] Hosseinnia, Hamed; Nazarpour, Daryoush; Talavat, Vahid. Benefit maximization of demand side management operator (DSMO) and private investor in a distribution network. Sustainable cities and society, 2018, 40: 625-637.
5
[6] Hosseinnia, Hamed; Farsadi, Murteza. Effect of reconfiguration and capacitor placement on power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement. Transactions on electrical and electronic materials, 2017, 18.6: 345-349.
6
[7] Zhou, Quan et al. Distributed control and communication strategies in networked micro-grids. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 2020, 22.4: 2586-2633.
7
[8] Zhou, Quan et al. Privacy-preserving distributed control strategy for optimal economic operation in islanded reconfigurable micro-grids. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2020, 35.5: 3847-3856.
8
[9] Teimourzadeh Baboli, Payam et al. Integration Reinforcement of Renewable Energy Resources and PHEVs through Hybrid AC-DC Local Network. The Modares Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2012, 12.2: 42-51.
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Inertia Emulation with Concept of Virtual Supercapacitor for Islanded DC Micro-grid
The expansion of renewable energy sources (RESs (and advances in power electronics have been led to more attention being paid to DC microgrids (DCMGs). DCMGs enable the exploitation of all renewable energy potentials. Along with the advantages of RESs and DCMGs, the use of RESs is associated with the challenges of absence or lack of inherent inertia. Inertia in the DCMGs plays an important role in reducing voltage changes under destructive events such as load change and power change. Therefore, by applying energy storage systems (ESSs) in DCMGs, and inertia emulation the mentioned challenges can be overcome. The proposed control scheme is implemented based on the concept of the virtual supercapacitor in the inner control loop of the ESS interface dual-half-bridge (DHB) converter with DCMG to emulate the inertia. Due to the high efficiency, electrical insulation, inherent soft switching, and the need for a smaller filter, the DHB converter has been used. Finally, a DCMG is simulated in MATLAB / Simulink. The simulation results show the efficiency and flexibility of the proposed scheme in terms of inertia emulation.
https://rera.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_2139_b8a4734fac2f0e9827ed71fb7e1d98b6.pdf
2021-07-01
205
210
10.22044/rera.2021.11016.1070
Virtual inertia
Virtual supercapacitor
Energy storage systems (ESSs)
Dual-half-bridge (DHB) converter
H.
Moradi
ha.moradi@razi.ac.ir
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
N.
Piri Yengijeh
n.piri96@gmail.com
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Hajizadeh
aha@energy.aau.dk
3
Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark.
AUTHOR
[1] Dreidy, M., Mokhlis, H., and Mekhilef, S. (2017). Inertia response and frequency control techniques for renewable energy sources: A review. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, Vol. 69, pp. 144-155.
1
[2] Yi, Z., Zhao, X., Shi, D., Duan, J., Xiang, Y., and Wang, Z. (2019). Accurate power sharing and synthetic inertia control for dc building micro-grids with guaranteed performance. IEEE Access, Vol. 7, pp. 63698-63708.
2
[3] Wu, W., Chen, Y., Luo, A., Zhou, L., Zhou, X., Yang, L., ... and Guerrero, J.M. (2016). A virtual inertia control strategy for DC micro-grids analogized with virtual synchronous machines.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 64, No 7, pp. 6005-6016.
3
[4] Samanta, S., Mishra, J.P., and Roy, B.K. (2018). Virtual DC machine: an inertia emulation and control technique for a bidirectional DC–DC converter in a DC micro-grid. IET Electric Power Applications, Vol. 12, No 6, pp. 874-884.
4
[5] Pishbahar, H., Moradi CheshmehBeigi, H., Piri Yengijeh, N., and Bagheri, Shokoofeh (2021). Inertia emulation with incorporating the concept of virtual compounded DC machine and bidirectional DC–DC converter for DC micro-grid in islanded mode. IET Renewable Power Generation, Vol. 15, pp. 1812-1825.
5
[6] Samanta, S., Mishra, J.P., and Roy, B.K. (2019). Implementation of a virtual inertia control for inertia enhancement of a dc micro-grid under both grid connected and isolated operation. Computers and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 76, pp. 283-298.
6
[7] Zhu, X., Meng, F., Xie, Z., and Yue, Y. (2019). An inertia and damping control method of DC–DC converter in DC micro-grids. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 35, No 2, pp. 799-807.
7
[8] Zhu, X., Cai, J., Yan, Q., Chen, J., and Wang, X. (2015). Virtual inertia control of wind-battery-based islanded DC. Int. Conf. Renewable power Generation (RPG). Beijing, China.
8
[9] Zhi, N., Ding, K., Du, L., and Zhang, H. (2020). An SOC-based virtual DC machine control for distributed storage systems in DC micro-grids. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 35, No 3, pp. 1411-1420.
9
[10] Jami, M., Shafiee, Q., Gholami, M., and Bevrani, H. (2020). Control of a super-capacitor energy storage system to mimic inertia and transient response improvement of a direct current micro-grid. Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 32, pp. 101788.
10
[11] Molina, M.G. (2017). Energy storage and power electronics technologies: A strong combination to empower the transformation to the smart grid. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 105, No 11, pp. 2191-2219.
11
[12] Pan, X., Li, H., Liu, Y., Zhao, T., Ju, C., and Rathore, A.K. (2019). An overview and comprehensive comparative evaluation of current-fed-isolated-bidirectional DC/DC converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, No 3, p. 2737-2763.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Monte Carlo Simulation and Genetic Algorithm in Optimal Wind Farm Layout Design in Manjil Site based on Jensen Model
AbstractOptimal arrangement of turbines in wind farms is very important to achieve maximum energy at the lowest cost. In the present study, the use of Vestas V-47 wind turbine and uniform one-way wind in achieving the optimal arrangement of horizontal axis turbines in Manjil with genetic and Monte Carlo algorithms has been investigated. Jensen model is used to simulate the wake effect on the downstream turbines. The objective function is considered as the ratio of cost to power of the power plant. The results show that the Monte Carlo method compared with genetic algorithm will give a better result. Under the same conditions, the Monte Carlo algorithm will give 29% and 40% better results in terms of the number of turbines and output power, respectively. In terms of optimization, in the Monte Carlo algorithm, its fitness value is 16% less than the genetic algorithm, which indicates its better optimization.
https://rera.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_2146_5e7bee97938fcd513bbb87aab3d5a24a.pdf
2021-07-01
211
221
10.22044/rera.2021.11062.1071
Keywords: Wind Turbine
Optimization
Monte Carlo Method
Genetic Algorithm
Farm Layout
M. A.
Javadi
benyaminjava@gmail.com
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Ghomashi
ghomashi@mediadars.com
2
School of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Taherinezhad
taherinezhad@mediadars.com
3
Department of mechanical and manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada
AUTHOR
M.
Nazarahari
mahtab.ahari@yahoo.com
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Ghasemiasl
ghasemiasl.r@wtiau.ac.ir
5
Department of Mechanical Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] R.J. Smith, Wind Power Excites Utility Interest, Science (80-. ). 207 (1980) 739–742.
1
[2] P. B. S. Lissaman, Energy Effectiveness of Arbitrary Arrays of Wind Turbines, J. Energy. 3 (1979) 323–328.
2
[3] A. Maleki, F. Pourfayaz, M.H. Ahmadi, Design of a cost-effective wind/photovoltaic/hydrogen energy system for supplying a desalination unit by a heuristic approach, Sol. Energy. 139 (2016) 666–675. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.09.028.
3
[4] M.H. Mohammadnezami, M.A. Ehyaei, M.A. Rosen, and M.H. Ahmadi, Meeting the Electrical Energy Needs of a Residential Building with a Wind-Photovoltaic Hybrid System, Sustain. . 7 (2015). doi:10.3390/su7032554.
4
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Inter-Turn Short Circuit Fault and High Resistance Connection in Stator of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators
Doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) have been widely used in wind turbines installed in the last decades. These generators are prone to some faults that could deteriorate their performance and even lead to their outage from the network. Stator inter-turn short-circuits (SITSC) and high resistance connections (HRC) in the stator are two major types of faults that cause electrical asymmetry in the stator circuit. Yet, SITSC are more noticeable and require immediate scrutiny. Hence, if an HRC can be distinguished from a SITSC fault, the immediate outage of the WT can be avoided in the case of an HRC. In this paper, both types of faults are studied and compared, being their detection performed using appropriate fault indices obtained from the stator current, rotor current, and rotor modulating voltage signals, all available in the control system of the DFIG. Several fault severity indices are proposed for a better evaluation of the fault extension, and the discrimination between SITSC and HRC is discussed. The performance of the defined fault indices is verified using a magnetic equivalent circuit model of the DFIG and an experimental setup with the DFIG running at several operating conditions.
https://rera.shahroodut.ac.ir/article_2140_c24c7ca0eeb51fcc4e1b3239a2d1e6e2.pdf
2021-07-01
223
232
10.22044/rera.2021.11067.1072
Fault detection
doubly-fed induction generators
stator inter-turn short circuits
high resistance connections
M.
Afshari
meghdad.afshari9600114@gmail.com
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Seyed M.
Moosavi
moosavi@hut.ac.ir
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
B. Abadi
bandarabadi.m@gmail.com
3
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
AUTHOR
S.M.A.
Cruz
smacruz@deec.uc.pt
4
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
AUTHOR
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