Wind Energy Potential Assessment in Douala Airport, and Identification of Favorable Areas in Vicinity

Enone Ellah, Cyrille Rodrigue; Epée, Alban Fabrice Lionel; Ngbara Touafio, Judith Francisca; Mezoue Adiang, Cyrille; Mouangue, Ruben Martin

doi:10.22044/rera.2023.13304.1227

Document Type : Other

Authors

¹ National Higher Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala, Cameroon.

² Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bangui, Central African Republic.

³ Group of Research in Combustion and Green Technologies, Department of Energy Engineering, University Institute of Technologie of Ngaoundere, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

https://doi.org/10.22044/rera.2023.13304.1227

Abstract

This study aims to identify a favorable area for wind energy exploitation in the Littoral region of Cameroon. The study used data collected by the meteorological service at Douala International Airport. A probabilistic method based on the Weibull distribution with two parameters was used to assess the potential of the study area. Three methods were used to determine the parameters of this distribution: the maximum likelihood method, the WAsP method, and the energy pattern factor method. Statistical tests showed that the energy pattern factor method is more efficient, but the WAsP software provided acceptable results. The WAsP software was used to generate maps of the mean wind speed and wind power density at different heights. Two specific wind turbines were considered to calculate the annual energy production. The topography of the study area, the obstructions around the logger, and the roughness of the terrain were all taken into account when generating the maps for the different characteristics. Finally, maps at heights of 50 and 100 m were created using extrapolation techniques. Two zones with the highest power density were identified. In one of these locations, the wind power density could reach 54 W/m2 at a height of 100 m and the annual electrical output from a specific wind turbine could reach 1 GWh. The corresponding location is located at latitude 4.0661° North and longitude 9.8796° East.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Wind Energy

References

[1] ENEO, “Rapport annuel 2019,” 2019. [Online]. Available: https://eneocameroon.cm/pdf/Rapport_Annuel_Eneo2019.pdf.

[2] D. K. Kidmo, K. Deli, and B. Bogno, “Status of renewable energy in Cameroon,” Renew. Energy Environ. Sustain., Vol. 6, p. 2, 2021, doi: 10.1051/rees/2021001.

[3] F. Kose, M. H. Aksoy, and M. Ozgoren, “An Assessment of Wind Energy Potential to Meet Electricity Demand and Economic Feasibility in Konya , Turkey,” Int. J. Green Energy, Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 559–576, 2014, doi: 10.1080/15435075.2013.773512.

[4] S. Ersoz, T. C. Akinci, H. S. Nogay, and G. Dogan, “Determination of Wind Energy Potential in kirklareli-Turkey,” Int. J. Green Energy, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 103–116, 2013, doi: 10.1080/15435075.2011.641702.

[5] S. Rehman and N. Natarajan, “Assessment of wind energy potential across varying topographical features of Tamil Nadu , India,” Energy Explor. Exploit., Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 175–200, 2020, doi: 10.1177/0144598719875276.

[6] D. Boro, K. Thierry, F. P. Kieno, and J. Bathiebo, “Assessing the Best Fit Probability Distribution Model for Wind Speed Data for Assessing the Best Fit Probability Distribution Model for Wind Speed Data for Different Sites of Burkina Faso,” Curr. J. Appl. Sci. Technol., Vol. 39, No. 22, pp. 71–83, 2020, doi: 10.9734/CJAST/2020/v39i2230845.

[7] C. Carrillo, J. Cidrás, E. Díaz-dorado, and A. F. Obando-montaño, “An Approach to Determine the Weibull Parameters for Wind Energy Analysis: The Case of Galicia (Spain),” energies, pp. 2676–2700, 2014, doi: 10.3390/en7042676.

[8] D. Kidmo Kaoga, N. Djongyang, S. Doka Yamigno, and D. Raidandi, “Assessment of wind energy potential for small scale water pumping systems in the north region of Cameroon,” Int. J. Basic Appl. Sci., Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 38–46, 2014, doi: 10.14419/ijbas.v3i1.1769.

[9] M. Y. Kazet, R. Mouangue, A. Kuitche, and J. M. Ndjaka, “Wind energy resource assessment in Ngaoundere locality,” Energy Procedia, Vol. 93, No. March, pp. 74–81, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.07.152.

[10] P. Pokem, E. Bertrand, K. Signe, and J. Nganhou, “Wind Speed and Power Density Analysis for Sustainable Energy in Batouri , East Region of Cameroon,” pp. 44–55, 2023, doi: 10.4236/jpee.2023.116005.

[11] C. Kenfack-Sadem, R. Tagne, F. B. Pelap, and G. Nfor Bawe, “Potential of wind energy in Cameroon based on Weibull , normal , and lognormal distribution,” Int. J. Energy Environ. Eng., Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 761–786, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s40095-021-00402-3.

[12] R. M. Mouangue, Y. Kazet, A. Kuitche, and J. Ndjaka, “Influence of the Determination Methods of K and C Parameters on the Ability of Weibull Distribution to Suitably Estimate Wind Potential and Electric Energy,” Vol. 3, No. July, pp. 145–154, 2014, doi: 10.14710/ijred.3.2.145-154.

[13] R. H. T. Djiela, P. T. Kapen, and G. Tchuen, “Wind energy of Cameroon by determining Weibull parameters : potential of a environmentally friendly energy,” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., No. 0123456789, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s13762-020-02962-z.

[14] E. B. Signe Kengne, A. Kanmogne, E. Guemene D, and L. Meva’a, “Comparison of seven numerical methods for determining Weibull parameters of wind for sustainable energy in Douala , Cameroon,” Int. J. Energy Sect. Manag., 2018, doi: 10.1108/IJESM-07-2018-0014.

[15] A. Mahamat Tahir, M. Adoum Abdraman, R. Mouangue, and A. Kuitche, “Estimate of the Wind Resource of Two Cities in the Sahara and Sahel in Chad,” Int. J. Energy Power Eng., Vol. 9, No. 6, p. 86, 2020, doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20200906.11.

[16] M. A. Abdraman, R. M. Mouangue, A. M. Tahir, and A. Kuitche, “Energy Cartography of the Wind Resource in the City of Faya and Application to Water Pumping,” Vol. 4, pp. 56–67, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://www.iaras.org/iaras/filedownloads/ijres/2019/020-0007(2019).pdf.

[17] J. F. Ngbara, O. Sanda, S. Malenguinza, J. M. Boliguipa, and R. M. Mouangue, “Analysis of a wind turbine project in the city of Bouar ( Central African Republic ),” Sci. African, Vol. 8, No. 2020, p. e00354, doi: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00354.

[18] J. F. Ngbara, S. Malenguiza, S. Oumarou, and M. Y. Kazet, “Statistical analysis and elaboration of the wind potential map of the city of Bangui ( Central African Republic ),” Reinf. Plast., Vol. 29, No. June, pp. 1–13, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ref.2019.01.001.

[19] S. M. Boudia and J. A. Santos, “Assessment of large-scale wind resource features in Algeria,” Energy, p. 116299, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116299.

[20] S. M. Boudia, A. Yakoubi, and O. Guerri, “Wind Resource Assessment in the Western Part of Algerian Highlands, Case Study of El-Bayadh,” 2018 Int. Conf. Wind Energy Appl. Alger. ICWEAA 2018, pp. 1–5, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ICWEAA.2018.8605091.

[21] S. K. Sidi and M. Boudia, “Feasibility Study of a Wind Farm in El Golea Region in the Algerian Sahara,” 2018 6th Int. Renew. Sustain. Energy Conf., pp. 1–6, doi: 10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702902.

[22] V. Tsopgni Eneckdem, R. A. Feumba, O. Tsomo, and J. R. Bogning, “Contribution of Cartography to the Optimization of the Evaluation of Wind Energy Potential in the Republic of Cameroon: Case of Bitchoua Highlands,” J. Geogr. Environ. Earth Sci. Int., Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 53–66, 2021, doi: DOI:10.9734/JGEESI/2021/v25i430284.

[23] K. Y. Myrin and N. J. Marie, “Wind Energy Resource Assessment for Electricity Generation In Maroua,” Vol. 1, pp. 38–42, 2023.

[24] V. Godwe Gormo, B. Bogno, D. Kidmo Kaoga, B. P. Ngoussandou, R. Danwe, and M. Aillerie, “Wind energy potential mapping of the far-north region of Cameroon,” AIP Conf. Proc., Vol. 2769, No. January, 2023, doi: 10.1063/5.0129295.

[25] M. H. Ouahabi, H. Elkhachine, F. Benabdelouahab, and A. Khamlichi, “Comparative study of five different methods of adjustment by the Weibull model to determine the most accurate method of analyzing annual variations of wind energy in Tetouan - Morocco,” Procedia Manuf., Vol. 46, No. 2019, pp. 698–707, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.03.099.

[26] P. Tiam Kapen, M. Jeutho Gouajio, and D. Yemélé, “Analysis and efficient comparison of ten numerical methods in estimating Weibull parameters for wind energy potential: Application to the city of Bafoussam, Cameroon,” Renew. Energy, Vol. 159, pp. 1188–1198, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.185.

[27] H. Mohamadi, A. Saeedi, Z. Firoozi, S. Sepasi Zangabadi, and S. Veisi, “Assessment of wind energy potential and economic evaluation of four wind turbine models for the east of Iran,” Heliyon, Vol. 7, No. 6, p. e07234, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07234.

[28] P. K. Chaurasiya, S. Ahmed, and V. Warudkar, “Study of different parameters estimation methods of Weibull distribution to determine wind power density using ground based Doppler SODAR instrument,” Alexandria Eng. J., Vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 2299–2311, doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2017.08.008.

[29] K. S. Elie Bertrand, K. Abraham, and M. Lucien, “Sustainable Energy Through Wind Speed and Power Density Analysis in Ambam, South Region of Cameroon,” Front. Energy Res., Vol. 8, No. September, pp. 1–9, 2020, doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2020.00176.

[30] C. Mezoue, D. Monkam, E. Njeugna, and S. Gokhale, “Projecting impacts of two-wheelers on urban air quality of,” Transp. Res. Part D, Vol. 52, pp. 49–63, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2017.02.010.

[31] D. K. Kidmo, B. Bogno, K. Deli, M. Aillerie, and B. P. Ngoussandou, “Economic assessment of WECS for water pumping systems in the North Region of Cameroon,” Renew. Energy Environ. Sustain., Vol. 6, p. 6, 2021, doi: 10.1051/rees/2021006.

Renewable Energy Research and Applications

Wind Energy Potential Assessment in Douala Airport, and Identification of Favorable Areas in Vicinity

References

References

Volume 5, Issue 2
July 2024
Pages 147-157

Wind Energy Potential Assessment in Douala Airport, and Identification of Favorable Areas in Vicinity

References

References

Volume 5, Issue 2July 2024Pages 147-157

Volume 5, Issue 2
July 2024
Pages 147-157