Biomass Energy Sources
Madhurjya Saikia; Pranjal Sarmah; Partha P Borthakur
Abstract
Biodiesel, derived from biomass, offers significant environmental advantages by reducing CO2 and CO emissions and promoting energy self-sufficiency. Currently, biodiesel remains limited to DG sets used by a small number of farmers in India, with minimal adoption in the transportation sector. Numerous ...
Read More
Biodiesel, derived from biomass, offers significant environmental advantages by reducing CO2 and CO emissions and promoting energy self-sufficiency. Currently, biodiesel remains limited to DG sets used by a small number of farmers in India, with minimal adoption in the transportation sector. Numerous challenges impede biodiesel's acceptance. This research focuses on identifying challenges connected to India's biofuel policy, supply chain inefficiencies, and vehicle technology. In terms of cultivation, land management, and the delivery of high yielding varieties to farmers, biofuel policies have failed to encourage indigenous feedstock. Instead, the Biofuel Policy 2022 encourages the imported palm oil sterain. Inconsistencies in the supply chain caused by policies impair the cost effectiveness of biodiesel. Diesel engines in automobiles have compatibility concerns owing to corrosiveness and high fuel consumption due to the fuel's low calorific value. Furthermore, biodiesel causes substantial NOx emissions. This study offers policy-level solutions, such as encouraging the production of domestic feedstocks through efficient management of wastelands. In this approach, farmers may receive high yielding seeds at a reduced cost until the industry is self-sufficient. In addition, Policy Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme can be given to biodiesel producers. A policy like ethanol blending can also be implemented. The biodiesel supply chain, like that of Germany, the United States, Malaysia, and Indonesia, must be optimized. For the technological challenges in diesel engines, the government must use policy intervention, to incorporate engine components suitable for biodiesel, as well as upgrade diesel engines by calibrating electronic control units and with exhaust gas recirculation systems.
Biomass Energy Sources
Ganesh S Warkhade; Ganesh Babu Katam; Veeresh Babu Alur
Abstract
This paper analyses the VCR (variable compression ratio) engine's performance, combustion, and emission output responses. The experimental results were modelled using the Grey Taguchi method (GTM) for input parameters of compression ratio, load, and fuel blends. The objective is to find the optimal combination ...
Read More
This paper analyses the VCR (variable compression ratio) engine's performance, combustion, and emission output responses. The experimental results were modelled using the Grey Taguchi method (GTM) for input parameters of compression ratio, load, and fuel blends. The objective is to find the optimal combination of input parameters in the minimum number of experiments for minimum emission, better performance, and combustion parameters. The Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array with GTM is used to get the optimum combination of input parameters. The Taguchi was used to analyze the S/N ratio of experimental data and the gray-based method for optimization of multi-objective to single-objective optimization by assigning the suitable weighting factor to each response. The S/N ratio analysis of grey relational grade (GRG) shows the fuel B10, CR 16, and load at 100% of the optimal input factor level. This optimal level is further confirmed by the TOPSIS method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for input to GRG shows the highest influencing factor is the load with a 52.82% contribution, followed by CR at 28.38%, and fuel at 10.52%. The confirmatory results show an improvement of 56.1%. The novelty of this experimentation was to study feasibility of existing engine for alternative fuel with slight modification. At above optimal conditions, this biodiesel can be used efficiently in an unmodified compression ignition engine.
Degnechew Genene Demisu; S. Kebede; Daniel Gebeyehu Wondifraw
Abstract
Biodiesel has been considered as biodegradable, green, cleaner, alternative, renewable and eco-friendly energy source. It can supersede petrol-diesel and help to solve challenges accompanied with energy crisis, socio-economic, environmental pollution, climate change and global warming. Hybridization ...
Read More
Biodiesel has been considered as biodegradable, green, cleaner, alternative, renewable and eco-friendly energy source. It can supersede petrol-diesel and help to solve challenges accompanied with energy crisis, socio-economic, environmental pollution, climate change and global warming. Hybridization of vegetable oils to synthesize biodiesel while improving fuel quality has not been studied extensively. Thus, the aim of this study was hybridization of M. stenopetala and A. indica seed oil to synthesize biodiesel and thereby improving the fuel quality. Response Surface Methodology, Box-Behnken Design, was employed in experimental design and result analysis. Oil mixing composition, reaction time and catalyst dose were selected as factors of study with three levels: low (-1), medium (0) and high (+1). Other parameters, temperature, alcohol to oil molar ratio and mixing speed were kept constant. The oil hybrid compositions were: M75N25 (75%v/v M. stenopetala oil and 25%v/v A. indica oil), M50N50 (50%v/v M. stenopetala oil and 50%v/v A. indica oil) and M25N75 (25%v/v M. stenopetala oil and 75%v/v A. indica seed oil) with their corresponding biodiesel, BM75N25, BM50N50, BM25N75 respectively. The catalyst dose of: 1, 1.5 and 2 %w/v potassium hydroxide flake; and reaction time of 20 min, 40 min and 60 min were considered as variables of study. Fifteen experimental runs were conducted with three levels for each factor. Quadratic model was developed with statistical significance, P - value < 0.0001. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and determination of coefficients were used to evaluate the model quality, where the main comparison was conducted at 5% Least Significant Difference.